Swd Lens
Ultrasonic Motor
Mechanism
Dry friction is often used in contact, and the ultrasonic vibration induced in the stator is used both to impart motion to the rotor and to modulate the frictional forces present at the interface. The friction modulation allows bulk motion of the rotor (i.e., for farther than one vibration cycle); without this modulation, ultrasonic motors would fail to operate.
Two different ways are generally available to control the friction along the stator-rotor contact interface, traveling-wave vibration and standing-wave vibration. Some of the earliest versions of practical motors in the 1970s, by Sashida, for example, used standing-wave vibration in combination with fins placed at an angle to the contact surface to form a motor, albeit one that rotated in a single direction. Later designs by Sashida and researchers at Matsushita, ALPS, and Canon made use of traveling-wave vibration to obtain bi-directional motion, and found that this arrangement offered better efficiency and less contact interface wear. An exceptionally high-torque ‘hybrid transducer’ ultrasonic motor uses circumferentially-poled and axially-poled piezoelectric elements together to combine axial and torsional vibration along the contact interface, representing a driving technique that lies somewhere between the standing and traveling-wave driving methods.
A key observation in the study of ultrasonic motors is that the peak vibration that may be induced in structures occurs at a relatively constant vibration velocity regardless of frequency. The vibration velocity is simply the time derivative of the vibration displacement in a structure, and is not (directly) related to the speed of the wave propagation within a structure. Many engineering materials suitable for vibration permit a peak vibration velocity of around 1 m/s. At low frequencies 50 Hz, say a vibration velocity of 1 m/s in a woofer would give displacements of about 10 mm, which is visible to the eye. As the frequency is increased, the displacement decreases, and the acceleration increases. As the vibration becomes inaudible at 20 kHz or so, the vibration displacements are in the tens of micrometers, and motors have been built that operate using 50 MHz surface acoustic wave (SAW) that have vibrations of only a few nanometers in magnitude. Such devices require care in construction to meet the necessary precision to make use of these motions within the stator.
More generally, there are two types of motors, contact and non-contact, the latter of which is rare and requires a working fluid to transmit the ultrasonic vibrations of the stator toward the rotor. Most versions use air, such as some of the earliest versions by Dr. Hu Junhui. Research in this area continues, particularly in near-field acoustic levitation for this sort of application. (This is different from far-field acoustic levitation, which suspends the object at half to several wavelengths away from the vibrating object.)
Applications
Canon was one of the pioneers of the ultrasonic motor, and made the “USM” famous in the late 1980s by incorporating it into its autofocus lenses for the Canon EF lens mount. Numerous patents on ultrasonic motors have been filed by Canon, its chief lensmaking rival Nikon, and other industrial concerns since the early 1980s. The ultrasonic motor is now used in many consumer and office electronics requiring precision rotations over long periods of time.
The technology has been applied to photographic lenses by a variety of companies under different names:
Canon USM, UltraSonic Motor
Minolta, Sony SSM, SuperSonic Motor
Nikon SWM, Silent Wave Motor
Olympus SWD, Supersonic Wave Drive
Panasonic XSM, Extra Silent Motor
Pentax SDM, Supersonic Drive Motor
Sigma HSM, Hyper Sonic Motor
References
^ Ueha, S.; Tomikawa, Y.; Kurosawa, M.; Nakamura, N. (December 1993), Ultrasonic Motors: Theory and Applications, Clarendon Press, ISBN 0-1985-9376-7
^ Shigematsu, T.; Kurosawa, M.K.; Asai, K. (April 2003), “Nanometer stepping drives of surface acoustic wave motor”, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 50, IEEE, pp. 376385
^ Hu, Junhui; Li, Guorong; Lai Wah Chan, Helen; Loong Choy, Chung (May 2003), “A standing wave-type noncontact linear ultrasonic motor”, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 48, issue 3, IEEE, pp. 699708
^ Hu, Junhui; Nakamura, Kentaro; Ueha, Sadauki (May 1997), “An analysis of a noncontact ultrasonic motor with an ultrasonically levitated rotor”, Ultrasonics, 35, Elsevier, pp. 459467
^ Koyama, D.; Takeshi, Ide; Friend, J.R.; Nakamura, K.; Ueha, S. (September 2005), “An ultrasonically levitated non-contact sliding table with the traveling vibrations on fine-ceramic beams”, 2005 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 3, IEEE, pp. 15381541
External links
Ultrasonic Actuators, Motors and Sensors page, from NASA JPL
Micro/Nano Physics Research Laboratory, with research on ultrasonic piezoelectric actuators by Dr James Friend
Institute of Piezomechanics, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania
Disassembly of a Canon EF lens, revealing an ultrasonic motor
v d e
Electric motors
Broad Motor Categories
Synchronous motor AC motor DC motor
Conventional
Electric Motors
Induction Brushed DC Brushless DC Stepper Linear Unipolar Reluctance
Novel Electric Motors
Ball bearing Homopolar Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Electrostatic Switched Reluctance
Motor
Controllers
Adjustable-speed drive Amplidyne Direct torque control Direct on line starter Electronic speed control Metadyne Motor controller Variable-frequency drive Vector control Ward Leonard control Thyristor drive
See also
Barlow’s Wheel Nanomotor Traction motor Lynch motor Mendocino motor Repulsion motor Inchworm motor Booster (electric power) Brush (electric) Electrical generator Alternator
Categories: Electric motorsHidden categories: Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2009 | All Wikipedia articles needing clarification
About the Author
I am China Crafts Suppliers writer, reports some information about fiberglass and composite materials , structural insulated panel manufacturers.
|
|
COPAL No.1 FUJINON SWD 1:56 / 90 LARGE FORMAT FILM CAMERA LENS $359.00 |
|
|
Olympus Zuiko 50-200mm f/2.8-3.5 Digital ED SWD LENS $1,199.00 |
|
|
Olympus Zuiko 50 mm-200 mm F/2.8-3.5 ED SWD Lens For Four Thirds $700.00 |
|
|
Olympus Zuiko 12-60mm f/2.8-4.0 Digital ED SWD Lens $999.00 |
|
|
Olympus Zuiko 50-200mm f/2.8-3.5 Digital ED SWD Lens for Olympus SLR Cameras $1,199.00 |
|
|
FUJI FUJINON SWD 75mm F5.6 F/5.6 LF LENS + COPAL #0 $643.00 |
|
|
NEW OLYMPUS ZD ED 12-60mm F2.8-4 F/2.8-4.0 SWD LENS 4 E30 $1,119.00 |
|
|
Olympus ZD Zuiko Digital 12-60 mm F/2.8-3.5 Lens SWD $739.00 |
|
|
Truck-lite Clear Lens Light Interior Utility 549SWD $9.95 |
|
|
Olympus Zuiko 14mm-35mm f/2.0 Digital ED SWD Zoom Lens for 4/3rd Mount #261011 $2,299.00 |
|
|
Olympus Zuiko 12mm-60mm f2.8-4.0 Digital ED SWD Lens f/Olympus #261014 $999.00 |
|
|
Olympus Zuiko 14-35mm f/2.0 Digital ED SWD Lens NEW $2,299.99 |
|
|
Olympus Zuiko 14-35mm f/2.0 Digital ED SWD Lens+KIT NEW $2,299.99 |
|
|
Olympus Zuiko 50mm-200mm f/2.8-3.5 Digital ED SWD Lens #261015 f/Olympus $1,199.00 |
|
|
Corrective Lens Negative Diopter f/Swd Magnum 2, Gns SL, Akn Caicos Masks -7.0 R $21.95 |
|
|
Fuji Fujinon.SWD 90mm F/5.6 4×5 5×7 Lens w/Copal 0 $829.00 |
|
|
Olympus ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 12-60mm F2.8-4.0 SWD Lens $799.00 |
|
|
1955 55 56 Mercury Wagon Taillight Clear Diffuser Lens $75.00 |
|
|
New Olympus 14-35mm f/2.0 f/2 ED SWD Zuiko Zoom Lens for Digital ship FedEx $2,360.14 |
|
|
NEW OLYMPUS ZUIKO DIGITAL ZD ED 50-200mm F2.8-3.5 F/2.8-3.5 SWD TELE ZOOM LENS $1,399.00 |
|
|
Olympus 14-35mm f/2.0 F2 SWD Digital Lens for E-5 E-30 Evolt E-620 Camera USA $1,999.95 |
|
|
Olympus ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 50-200mm F2.8-3.5 SWD Lens NEW $1,629.99 |
|
|
Olympus ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 12-60mm F2.8-4.0 SWD Lens NEW $1,489.99 |
|
|
NEW Olympus ZUIKO DIGITAL 50-200mm f/2.8-3.5 SWD Lens 1 Year Warranty $1,289.00 |
|
|
Olympus Zuiko 50-200 f/2.8-3.5 Digital ED SWD Lens NEW $1,199.99 |
|
|
Olympus 50-200mm f/2.8-3.5 ED SWD Zuiko Lens + KIT NEW $1,199.99 |
|
|
Fuji Fujinon.SWD 75mm F/5.6 4×5 Lens w/Copal 0 *EX+* $629.00 |
|
|
Olympus Zuiko 12mm-60mm f/2.8-4.0 Digital ED SWD Lens/Filter BUNDLE #261014 $1,009.00 |
|
|
Fuji Fujinon.SWD 90mm F/5.6 4×5 5×7 Lens w/Copal 0 $629.00 |
|
|
S0801 Olympus ZUIKO DIGITAL 12-60mm F2.8-4.0 SWD Lens $935.89 |
|
|
Olympus Zuiko 50-200mm f/2.8-3.5 Digital ED SWD Lens for Olympus SLR Cameras $1,199.00 |
|
|
Fuji Fujinon.SWD 90mm F/5.6 4×5 5×7 Lens w/Copal 0 EX+! $869.00 |
|
|
Olympus Zuiko 12-60mm f/2.8-4.0 ED SWD Zoom Lens USA $699.95 |
|
|
SWD MILITARY ISSUE BALLISTIC EYE WEAR 2 LENSES 2 PR NEW SAME WORN ON STARGATE TV $24.99 |
|
|
Olympus Zuiko 50mm-200mm f/2.8-3.5 Digital ED SWD Lens #261015 f/Olympus -BUNDLE $1,201.00 |
|
|
Olympus Zuiko 14mm-35mm f/2.0 ED SWD Zoom Lens for 4/3rd Mount -BUNDLE- #261011 $2,301.00 |
|
|
New Olympus Zuiko ED 50-200mm f2.8-.3.5 SWD Lens#L181 $1,283.00 |
|
|
Olympus Zuiko Digital ED 14-35mm f2 f/2 SWD Lens #L183 $2,399.00 |
|
|
67mm Replacement Lens Cap for Olympus Zuiko Digital ED 50-200mm 1:2.8-3.5 SWD $1.99 |
|
|
NEW Olympus Zuiko 12-60mm f/2.8-4.0 SWD Lens ship FedEx 1 year int. warranty $886.03 |
|
|
Fuji Fujinon SWD 75 f 5.6 lens w/ Copal $530.00 |
|
|
Corrective Lens Negative Diopter f/Swd Magnum 2, Gns SL, Akn Caicos Masks -5.5 L $21.95 |
|
|
Olympus ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 12-60mm F2.8-4.0 SWD Lens $1,420.25 |
|
|
Olympus ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 50-200mm F2.8-3.5 SWD Lens $1,581.75 |
|
|
Olympus ZUIKO ED 50-200mm f/2.8-3.5 SWD Lens 50-200 $1,489.50 |
|
|
Fuji Fujinon SWD 75mm f/5.6 Lens large format Copal Shutter lens MINT $749.99 |
|
|
Olympus Zuiko 12-60mm f/2.8-4.0 Digital ED SWD Zoom Lens + Deluxe Accessory Kit $999.99 |
|
|
Olympus Zuiko 50-200mm f/2.8-3.5 Digital ED SWD Zoom Lens + Deluxe Accessory Kit $1,209.99 |
|
|
Olympus E-12-60 2.8-4.0 ED SWD Zuiko Digital Lens NEW $999.99 |
|
|
Olympus LH-70C Lens Hood for E-System ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 50-200mm f2.8-3.5 SWD $64.50 |
|
|
Olympus LH-75B Lens Hood for E-System ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 12-60mm f2.8-4.0 SWD $59.99 |
|
|
Olympus 261014 12-60MM F2.8/4.0 Swd Zuiko E System Evolt Camera Lens $999.99 |
|
|
New Olympus ZUIKO DIGITAL 12-60mm F2.8-4.0 SWD Lens+1 Year Warranty $939.80 |
|
|
Fuji Fujinon.SWD 65mm F/5.6 4×5 Lens w/Copal 1 *MINT-* $539.00 |
|
|
Corrective Lens Negative Diopter f/Swd Magnum 2, Gns SL, Akn Caicos Masks -2.0 R $21.95 |
|
|
Fujinon – SWD 75mm F5.6 Super Wide Large Format Lens Near-MINT $649.00 |
|
|
72mm Replacement Lens Cap for Olympus Zuiko Digital ED 12-60mm 1:2.8-4.0 SWD $1.99 |
|
|
77mm Replacement Lens Cap for Olympus Zuiko Digital ED 14-35mm 1:2.0 SWD $1.99 |
|
|
OLYMPUS ZUIKO DIGITAL 14~35mm 1:2 CAMERA LENSE ED SWD W/ LH 82B, HOOD, POUCH $1,688.00 |
|
|
Olympus ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 12-60mm F2.8-4.0 SWD Lens $1,495.00 |
|
|
SWD BALLASTIC GOGGLES#2 SLIGHT MAR LENS 1PAIR SPECS NEW $15.16 |
|
|
SWD BALLASTIC GOGGLES#2 SLIGHT MAR LENS 1PAIR SPECS NEW AS WORN ON STAR GATE 1 $16.11 |
